Any instrument or device used to form an optical path, form optics, or related to optics is an optical element.There are too many types of optical components, so here we mainly select common optical components for analysis and introduction.

 Plano-convex lens: The focal length of a single lens is the distance from the main point to the focus.The design wavelength of the lens is 546.1nm (the e-line of the green mercury spectrum).Since the focal length changes with the wavelength, when it is used for other wavelengths, its focal length also changes.

Plano-concave lens: It has a negative focal length and is used to diverge a beam of parallel light.It can provide uncoated and uncoated anti-reflective multilayer film lenses in the visible light band.The focal length of a single lens is the distance from the main point to the focus.The design wavelength of the lens is 546.1nm (the e-line of the green mercury spectrum).Since the focal length changes with the wavelength, when it is used for other wavelengths, its focal length also changes.

 Plane mirror: An object with a flat, smooth, opaque surface and capable of imaging is called a plane mirror.The image formed by the plane mirror is formed by the reverse extension cord of the reflected light after the light from the object is reflected by the plane mirror.The calm water surface, polished metal surface, etc. are equivalent to a plane mirror. We call a mirror with a smooth plane of reflection a plane mirror.

 Splitter: It is an optical device that can divide a beam of light into multiple beams.It is usually made of optical glass coating.It is widely used in various optical research and use occasions such as interferometers for teaching, laser interferometers for research, polarized light research, optical fiber communications, etc., and is an important component of optical research and use systems.

 Mirror: It is an optical element that uses the law of reflection to work.According to the shape of the mirror, it can be divided into three types: planar mirror, spherical mirror and aspheric mirror; according to the degree of reflection, it can be divided into total reflection mirror and semi-permeable semi-reflection mirror (also known as beam splitter).

 Aspheric lens: it has a better radius of curvature and can maintain good aberration correction to obtain the required performance.The application of aspheric lenses has brought excellent sharpness and higher resolution, and at the same time, the miniaturization design of the lens has become possible.

 Grating: An optical device composed of a large number of parallel slits of equal width and equal spacing is called grating.The commonly used grating is made by carving a large number of parallel nicks on the glass sheet. The nicks are opaque parts, and the smooth part between the two nicks can be translucent, which is equivalent to a slit.Grating is a combination of digital technology and traditional printing technology, which can show different special effects on special films.

 Optical fiber: Optical fiber is a shorthand for optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic that can be used as a light conduction tool.The transmission principle is ‘total reflection of light’.

 Optical isolator: An optical isolator is a passive optical device that only allows one-way light to pass through. Its working principle is based on the non-reciprocity of Faraday rotation. The light reflected by the optical fiber echo can be well isolated by the optical isolator.The optical isolator mainly uses the Faraday effect of magneto-optical crystals.The characteristics of the optical isolator are: low forward insertion loss, high reverse isolation, and high return loss. An optical isolator is a passive device that allows light to pass in one direction but prevents it from passing in the opposite direction. Its role is to limit the direction of light so that light can only be transmitted in one direction. The light reflected by the optical fiber echo can be well isolated by the optical isolator, improving the efficiency of optical wave transmission.

 Beam splitter: A beam splitter is an element that can divide a beam of light into two or more beams of light, usually composed of a metal film or a dielectric film.